Between speed and opacity

The Victor/STF system and the constitutional challenges of CNJ Resolution 615/2023

Abstract

The adoption of artificial intelligence in the Brazilian Judiciary reveals both progress and contradictions. On the one hand, the Victor/STF System represents innovation by assisting in the screening of appeals with general repercussion, contributing to procedural efficiency. On the other hand, its opacity and the absence of robust external audit mechanisms expose risks of democratic deficit. CNJ Resolution No. 615/2023 emerges as a regulatory milestone by establishing principles of governance and bias mitigation, yet it still lacks effective tools for oversight and accountability. The gap between norm and practice highlights the need to move from principled guidelines to binding measures, such as impact reports, independent audits, and a procedural right to minimum explainability. Thus, the central challenge lies in reconciling technological speed with transparency and constitutional safeguards, preventing AI from becoming an invisible barrier to access to justice.